Throughout the 20th century the world has been torn apart by wars. Unlike previous conflicts these “modern” wars involved more nations, took advantage of the technological improvements related to the Industrial Revolution, and engulfed the entire populations of the combatant nations. We are going to examine both the First and Second World Wars at the same time to find the common themes and differences that characterized each conflict.
Helpful Timeline with Links….Copy into your Wikispace 1914
June 28th - Assassination of Arch-Duke Ferdinand
August 1st- Germany Declares War on Russia
October 29th –Trench Warfare becomes dominant on Western Front
1915
May 7th- Lusitania is sunk by German Submarine (U-Boat)
1916
September 15th- British introduce the tank to the battlefield
1917
January 16th Zimmerman Note
February 1st- Germans begin unrestricted submarine warfare
April 6th- United States declares war on Germany
December 5th- Communist Russia reaches separate peace with Germany
General “Black” Jack Pershing leads the first of 1.8 Million American Soldiers
1918
October 4th- Germany asks for Armistice (cease fire)
November 11th- Armistice is signed bring an end to the fighting World Wide Influenza epidemic
1919
June 28th- Treaty of Versailles is signed with the League of Nations
1921 Extreme inflation hits German economy as they pay reparations
1922 Mussolini and his followers march on Rome
1923 Hitler launches a failed coup in Bavaria writes
Mein Kampf
1929
Stock Market Collapse in United States marking the beginning of Depression
1933
Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany
March 12th First Concentration Camp Opened
1934
June 30th Night of the Long Knives
1937
December 13th Rape of Nanking
1939
March 15th Nazis take Czechoslovakia through appeasement
September 1st Invasion of Poland using the Blitzkrieg
1940
June 22nd France force to sign armistice with Germany
September Beginning of the Blitz
1941
June 22nd Germany attacks Soviet Union a strategic mistake
December 7th Japanese attack Pearl Harbor drawing the United States into war
1942
September 13th Battle of Stalingrad a key turning point of the War
June 4thBattle of Midway another key turning point of the War
1943 Battle of the Atlantic Climaxes with many sinkings
1944
June 6th Normandy Landings Americans in France
August 25th Paris Liberated
December 16-27 Battle of the Bulge Last German offensive of the War
1945
Feb 13th Dresden Firebombed Many civilians are targeted by allies .
April 28th Mussolini Hanged
April 30th Hilter commits suicide
May 7th German’s Surrender
August 6th First Atomic bomb used on Hiroshima
September 2 Japanese Surrender
October 4th United Nations formed
World War I Alliances Triple Entente
France
Russia
England
USA
World War II Alliances Axis Powers
Germany
Japan
Italy
Allied Powers
Great Britain
United States
Soviet Union
France* Your Project!
In each of the following categories you will research and explain ONE critical point from each category. You must support and illustrate your answer with FOUR PICTURES and ONE OTHER PRIMARY SOURCE. Your answer and evidence must connect and cover the First and Second World Wars. You may submit an answer in one of the following formats.
1.)Microsoft Word Document with Answers, Pictures, and Primary sources on one page.
2.)Wikispaces page(s) on your account with Answers, Pictures, and Primary sources arranged in a way that completes the assignment. Please place a link to your page on the class wikispace so I can go visit yours!
comparsion between the white men of WW1 to WW2, and the comparsion between the black men of WW1 to WW2
external image HilterGreenie.jpgp
external image HilterGreenie.jpgp
external image mussolini.jpg
external image mussolini.jpg
external image Hideki-Tojo.png
external image Hideki-Tojo.png
external image 225px-FDR_in_1933.jpg
external image 225px-FDR_in_1933.jpg
"I gave the order to shoot those who were the ringleaders in this treason, and i further gave the order to burn out down to the raw flesh the ulcers of this poisoning of the wells in our domestic life and of the poisoning of the outside world. And i further ordered that if any of the mutineers should attempt to resist arrest, they were immediately to be struck down with armed force.... I am ready to undertake the responsibility at the bar of history for the twenty-four hours in which the bitterest decisions of my life were made... to hold fast to the dearest thing that has been given us in this world--the German people and the German Reich!
-Adolf Hitler, 1934.
‘Army City' Garnett, Kansas
wwmiddle.jpg
wwmiddle.jpg
August 6, 1917
My Dearest Mary,
We are in the Army now. I am sitting inside our little old tent listening to the gentle patter of the raindrops on the canvas. It began raining here this morning and it is still at it. No drill today, so I will have time to write a letter or two. We got into the city all O.K., marched up to the armory and had dinner. They have mess in the armory. We have to march back and forth to eat. Eats are pretty good so far as they have some women helping with the cooking.
Set up camp in the afternoon. Shoemaker has been Acting Corporal in our squad. We got the tent up all right under the direction of one of the old heads who has seen service on the border. Some equipment was issued in the afternoon. As my name is down well in the list, I have not received anything yet in my own name.
Corporal Hilton is staying in town so he let me have his stuff. Got pack, gun, poncho, and numerous other things I don't know what are used for. Slept on the ground last night in a tent with just an even dozen in it. Some of the fellows are staying in town at hotels, rooming houses, and private houses. Taken altogether, things are in rather poor shape as yet, but I suppose it takes a little time to get around. A few of the bunch act like a bunch of bums instead of soldiers, but they will get that taken out of them when they get to a real camp.
They got Parker Melliush for kitchen duty the first thing. Walter Anthony was stuck for guard duty last night. It must be fine walking up and down in front of a row of tents watching the other fellows sleep. One thing they did do, everybody had to quiet down at ten-thirty last night. We had a good entertainment before lights out. (We had a light, too, as some of the bunch got hold of a lantern.) A fellow in our squad by the name of Donald gets off some pretty good comedy -- original stuff, too. He is a rather rough nut, but not as bad as some of this crowd.
There was some crowd at the station yesterday, wasn't there? I think I shook hands with everybody in town three or four times. Not a very pleasant task under the circumstances, either. Well, I got so much company in here that I can't think straight. This is rather a poor excuse of a letter, but I will write again soon.
With best of love to my own little girl,
Lloyd S.
Yet interestingly enough it was the service of women in the military and the defense works that gave a huge push to the passing of the 19th Amendment.
President Woodrow Wilson was won over to the suffragists' side in part because of the bravery of women serving on the front and their proven abilities as they replaced men in offices and factories. In September 1918 Wilson addressed the Senate, urging that they follow the House in passing the 19th Amendment. His dramatic plea asked that the Senators recognize the contributions made by American women in the war. Wilson proclaimed ...
"...Are we alone to ask and take the utmost that our women can give, service and sacrifice of every kind, and still say we do not see what title that gives them to stand by our sides in the guidance of the affairs of their nations and ours? We have made partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right?"
2 May 1945
Dearest Mom and Lou,
A year ago today I was sweating out shells on Anzio Beachhead ; today I am sitting in Hitler's luxuriously furnished apartment in Munich writing a few lines home. What a contrast.A still greater contrast is that between his quarters here and the living hell of DACHAU Concentration Camp only 10 miles from here. I had the misfortune of seeing the camp yesterday and I still find it hard to believe what my eyes told me.
A railroad runs alongside the camp and as we walked toward the box cars on the track I thought of some of the stories I previously had read about DACHAU and was glad of the chance to see for myself just to prove once and for all that what I had heard was propaganda. But no it wasn’t propaganda at all if anything some of the truth had been held back. In two years of combat you can imagine I have seen a lot of death, furious deaths mostly. But nothing has ever stirred me as much as this.
The first box car I came to had about 30 what were once humans in it. All were just bone with a layer of skin over them. Most of the eyes were open and had an undescribable look about them. They had that beaten "what did I do to deserve this" look. Twenty to thirty other box cars were the same. Bodies on top of each other no telling how many. No identification as far as I could see. And then into the camp itself. Filthy barracks suitable for about 200 persons held 1500. 160,000 persons were originally in the camp and 32,000 were alive (or almost alive) when we arrived.
There is a gas chamber and furnace room in one barracks.; Two rooms were full of bodies waiting to be cremated. In one room they were all nude -in the other they had prison clothes on. As filthy as dirt itself.
How can people do things like that? I never believed they could until now.
Well enough for now-
Miss you all very much.
Your son,
Horace
Why these Wars Matter! Technology -Both conflicts featured many new inventions and weapons that were developed and improved throughout the first half of the twentieth century. These inventions included tanks, aircraft, submarines, better communications devices, radar, sonar, and many more. The introduction many of the inventions prompted improvements and innovations that continue through today. Critical Points- ·New technologies changed how war was waged Old techniques of fighting were decidedly ineffective against new tools. (chart the changes that armies made in how they fight ie. trenches vs. movement) ·Developments in weapons extended their range and effectiveness. (examine the improvements made to a weapon of your choice through both wars ie. The tank) ·Destructive capability increased so much that weapons became almost unusable because of their power.(Look at some of the most ghastly moments in both wars and make comparisons about the weapons that brought them about ie. Somme vs. Dresden Total War-Both World Wars engulfed the civilian populations of the opposing sides. Civilians supported the wars through factory production and agriculture. Civilians were targeted by all sides as the wars progressed, and civilian opinion was critical to the continued war efforts. Critical Points- ·As men were mobilized for war, women’s roles on the home front expanded greatly(evaluate how production in both conflicts depended on women’s labor and support) ·Using blockades and the denying supplies of food as weapons was practiced by all sides. (examine the blockades or WWI with the mass starvation of WWII in Leningrad) ·Maintaining the war effort through propaganda was common and very important for morale.( compare the types of propaganda in both world conflicts)
Genocide-World Wars also allowed countries to propose and act upon solutions for portions of their populations that they could characterize as undesirable. From forced internal exile or relocations, mass executions and even extermination camps the First and Second World Wars changed how unwanted populations were treated. Critical Points- ·Racial and religious prejudice reached new heights in this period. Genocide became a “final solution” for several regimes during the Second World War. (Examine how the Armenians in Turkey were treated during WW I versus how the Jews were treated in WWII) ·Internal opposition was not tolerated during the First and Second World Wars. (How did America treat people of German descent during WWI and Japanese during WWII)
Authoritarianism- As the 20th century dawned much of the population of Europe lived under the rule of kings and monarchies. The World conflicts that characterized the first half of the century shattered these regimes and brought new powerful individuals to power. These dictators allowed little or no opposition and created powerful parties or systems to keep themselves in place. Critical Points-
Old monarchies and territories will fall apart in the face of rising nationalism and the forces of war Democratic ideals will be pushed aside as militarism becomes more widespread(Compare the governments and nations at the beginning of each war)
New forceful leaders will take power and implement their totalitarian ideas of government.(look at the rise of Hitler, Mussolini, or Tojo)
General Good Place to Start High School Media Center
Login-Gettysburg
Password-Warriors
Go the History Special Section and Type in “World War I or World War II”
This is a resource with many primary sources and links, use it!
World Wars
American History
Mr. Sontheimer
Throughout the 20th century the world has been torn apart by wars. Unlike previous conflicts these “modern” wars involved more nations, took advantage of the technological improvements related to the Industrial Revolution, and engulfed the entire populations of the combatant nations. We are going to examine both the First and Second World Wars at the same time to find the common themes and differences that characterized each conflict.
Helpful Timeline with Links….Copy into your Wikispace
1914
June 28th - Assassination of Arch-Duke Ferdinand
August 1st- Germany Declares War on Russia
October 29th –Trench Warfare becomes dominant on Western Front
1915
May 7th- Lusitania is sunk by German Submarine (U-Boat)
1916
September 15th- British introduce the tank to the battlefield
1917
January 16th Zimmerman Note
February 1st- Germans begin unrestricted submarine warfare
April 6th- United States declares war on Germany
December 5th- Communist Russia reaches separate peace with Germany
General “Black” Jack Pershing leads the first of 1.8 Million American Soldiers
1918
October 4th- Germany asks for Armistice (cease fire)
November 11th- Armistice is signed bring an end to the fighting
World Wide Influenza epidemic
1919
June 28th- Treaty of Versailles is signed with the League of Nations
1921
Extreme inflation hits German economy as they pay reparations
1922
Mussolini and his followers march on Rome
1923
Hitler launches a failed coup in Bavaria writes
Mein Kampf
1929Stock Market Collapse in United States marking the beginning of Depression
1933
Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany
March 12th First Concentration Camp Opened
1934
June 30th Night of the Long Knives
1937
December 13th Rape of Nanking
1939
March 15th Nazis take Czechoslovakia through appeasement
September 1st Invasion of Poland using the Blitzkrieg
1940
June 22nd France force to sign armistice with Germany
September Beginning of the Blitz
1941
June 22nd Germany attacks Soviet Union a strategic mistake
December 7th Japanese attack Pearl Harbor drawing the United States into war
1942
September 13th Battle of Stalingrad a key turning point of the War
June 4thBattle of Midway another key turning point of the War
1943
Battle of the Atlantic Climaxes with many sinkings
1944
June 6th Normandy Landings Americans in France
August 25th Paris Liberated
December 16-27 Battle of the Bulge Last German offensive of the War
1945
Feb 13th Dresden Firebombed Many civilians are targeted by allies .
April 28th Mussolini Hanged
April 30th Hilter commits suicide
May 7th German’s Surrender
August 6th First Atomic bomb used on Hiroshima
September 2 Japanese Surrender
October 4th United Nations formed
World War I Alliances
Triple Entente
France
Russia
England
USA
Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria-Hungarian Empire
Ottoman Empire
World War II Alliances
Axis Powers
Germany
Japan
Italy
Allied Powers
Great Britain
United States
Soviet Union
France*
Your Project!
In each of the following categories you will research and explain ONE critical point from each category. You must support and illustrate your answer with FOUR PICTURES and ONE OTHER PRIMARY SOURCE. Your answer and evidence must connect and cover the First and Second World Wars. You may submit an answer in one of the following formats.
1.) Microsoft Word Document with Answers, Pictures, and Primary sources on one page.
2.) Wikispaces page(s) on your account with Answers, Pictures, and Primary sources arranged in a way that completes the assignment. Please place a link to your page on the class wikispace so I can go visit yours!
World War 1 .Vs. World War 2
World War 1 Tanks to, World War 2 Tanks
World War 1 women, to World War 2 women
comparsion between the white men of WW1 to WW2, and the comparsion between the black men of WW1 to WW2
"I gave the order to shoot those who were the ringleaders in this treason, and i further gave the order to burn out down to the raw flesh the ulcers of this poisoning of the wells in our domestic life and of the poisoning of the outside world. And i further ordered that if any of the mutineers should attempt to resist arrest, they were immediately to be struck down with armed force.... I am ready to undertake the responsibility at the bar of history for the twenty-four hours in which the bitterest decisions of my life were made... to hold fast to the dearest thing that has been given us in this world--the German people and the German Reich!
-Adolf Hitler, 1934.
‘Army City' Garnett, Kansas
My Dearest Mary,
We are in the Army now. I am sitting inside our little old tent listening to the gentle patter of the raindrops on the canvas. It began raining here this morning and it is still at it. No drill today, so I will have time to write a letter or two. We got into the city all O.K., marched up to the armory and had dinner. They have mess in the armory. We have to march back and forth to eat. Eats are pretty good so far as they have some women helping with the cooking.
Set up camp in the afternoon. Shoemaker has been Acting Corporal in our squad. We got the tent up all right under the direction of one of the old heads who has seen service on the border. Some equipment was issued in the afternoon. As my name is down well in the list, I have not received anything yet in my own name.
Corporal Hilton is staying in town so he let me have his stuff. Got pack, gun, poncho, and numerous other things I don't know what are used for. Slept on the ground last night in a tent with just an even dozen in it. Some of the fellows are staying in town at hotels, rooming houses, and private houses. Taken altogether, things are in rather poor shape as yet, but I suppose it takes a little time to get around. A few of the bunch act like a bunch of bums instead of soldiers, but they will get that taken out of them when they get to a real camp.
They got Parker Melliush for kitchen duty the first thing. Walter Anthony was stuck for guard duty last night. It must be fine walking up and down in front of a row of tents watching the other fellows sleep. One thing they did do, everybody had to quiet down at ten-thirty last night. We had a good entertainment before lights out. (We had a light, too, as some of the bunch got hold of a lantern.) A fellow in our squad by the name of Donald gets off some pretty good comedy -- original stuff, too. He is a rather rough nut, but not as bad as some of this crowd.
There was some crowd at the station yesterday, wasn't there? I think I shook hands with everybody in town three or four times. Not a very pleasant task under the circumstances, either. Well, I got so much company in here that I can't think straight. This is rather a poor excuse of a letter, but I will write again soon.
With best of love to my own little girl,
Lloyd S.
Yet interestingly enough it was the service of women in the military and the defense works that gave a huge push to the passing of the 19th Amendment.
President Woodrow Wilson was won over to the suffragists' side in part because of the bravery of women serving on the front and their proven abilities as they replaced men in offices and factories. In September 1918 Wilson addressed the Senate, urging that they follow the House in passing the 19th Amendment. His dramatic plea asked that the Senators recognize the contributions made by American women in the war. Wilson proclaimed ...
"...Are we alone to ask and take the utmost that our women can give, service and sacrifice of every kind, and still say we do not see what title that gives them to stand by our sides in the guidance of the affairs of their nations and ours? We have made partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right?"
2 May 1945
Dearest Mom and Lou,
A year ago today I was sweating out shells on Anzio Beachhead ; today I am sitting in Hitler's luxuriously furnished apartment in Munich writing a few lines home. What a contrast.A still greater contrast is that between his quarters here and the living hell of DACHAU Concentration Camp only 10 miles from here. I had the misfortune of seeing the camp yesterday and I still find it hard to believe what my eyes told me.
A railroad runs alongside the camp and as we walked toward the box cars on the track I thought of some of the stories I previously had read about DACHAU and was glad of the chance to see for myself just to prove once and for all that what I had heard was propaganda. But no it wasn’t propaganda at all if anything some of the truth had been held back. In two years of combat you can imagine I have seen a lot of death, furious deaths mostly. But nothing has ever stirred me as much as this.
The first box car I came to had about 30 what were once humans in it. All were just bone with a layer of skin over them. Most of the eyes were open and had an undescribable look about them. They had that beaten "what did I do to deserve this" look. Twenty to thirty other box cars were the same. Bodies on top of each other no telling how many. No identification as far as I could see. And then into the camp itself. Filthy barracks suitable for about 200 persons held 1500. 160,000 persons were originally in the camp and 32,000 were alive (or almost alive) when we arrived.
There is a gas chamber and furnace room in one barracks.; Two rooms were full of bodies waiting to be cremated. In one room they were all nude -in the other they had prison clothes on. As filthy as dirt itself.
How can people do things like that? I never believed they could until now.
Well enough for now-
Miss you all very much.
Your son,
Horace
Why these Wars Matter!
Technology -Both conflicts featured many new inventions and weapons that were developed and improved throughout the first half of the twentieth century. These inventions included tanks, aircraft, submarines, better communications devices, radar, sonar, and many more. The introduction many of the inventions prompted improvements and innovations that continue through today.
Critical Points-
· New technologies changed how war was waged Old techniques of fighting were decidedly ineffective against new tools. (chart the changes that armies made in how they fight ie. trenches vs. movement)
· Developments in weapons extended their range and effectiveness. (examine the improvements made to a weapon of your choice through both wars ie. The tank)
· Destructive capability increased so much that weapons became almost unusable because of their power.(Look at some of the most ghastly moments in both wars and make comparisons about the weapons that brought them about ie. Somme vs. Dresden
Total War-Both World Wars engulfed the civilian populations of the opposing sides. Civilians supported the wars through factory production and agriculture. Civilians were targeted by all sides as the wars progressed, and civilian opinion was critical to the continued war efforts.
Critical Points-
· As men were mobilized for war, women’s roles on the home front expanded greatly(evaluate how production in both conflicts depended on women’s labor and support)
· Using blockades and the denying supplies of food as weapons was practiced by all sides. (examine the blockades or WWI with the mass starvation of WWII in Leningrad)
· Maintaining the war effort through propaganda was common and very important for morale.( compare the types of propaganda in both world conflicts)
Genocide-World Wars also allowed countries to propose and act upon solutions for portions of their populations that they could characterize as undesirable. From forced internal exile or relocations, mass executions and even extermination camps the First and Second World Wars changed how unwanted populations were treated.
Critical Points-
· Racial and religious prejudice reached new heights in this period. Genocide became a “final solution” for several regimes during the Second World War. (Examine how the Armenians in Turkey were treated during WW I versus how the Jews were treated in WWII)
· Internal opposition was not tolerated during the First and Second World Wars. (How did America treat people of German descent during WWI and Japanese during WWII)
Authoritarianism- As the 20th century dawned much of the population of Europe lived under the rule of kings and monarchies. The World conflicts that characterized the first half of the century shattered these regimes and brought new powerful individuals to power. These dictators allowed little or no opposition and created powerful parties or systems to keep themselves in place.
Critical Points-
Helpful Links-
World War I
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/
http://www.firstworldwar.com/
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ww1.htm
World War II
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WW.htm
http://www.ww2db.com/index.php
General Good Place to Start
High School Media Center
Login-Gettysburg
Password-Warriors
Go the History Special Section and Type in “World War I or World War II”
This is a resource with many primary sources and links, use it!
Readings-
The First World War